A multistep sequential flow synthesis of isopropyl phenol is demonstrated, involving 4-step exothermic, endothermic, and temperature sensitive reactions such as nitration, reduction, diazotization, and high temperature hydrolysis. Nitration of cumene with fuming nitric acid produces 2- and 4-nitrocumene which are converted into respective cumidines by the hydrogenation using Pd/Ni catalyst in H-cube with gravity separation. Hydrolysis of in situ generated diazonium salts in the boiling acidic conditions is carried out using integration of flow and microwave-assisted synthesis. 58% of 4-isopropyl phenol was obtained. The sequential flow synthesis can be applied to synthesize other organic compounds involving this specific sequence of reactions.

Telescoped Sequence of Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions in Multistep Flow Synthesis

Yachita Sharma, Arun V. Nikam, and Amol A. Kulkarni* 

Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00008

Yachita Sharma

 

*Phone: +91-20-25902153, E-mail: aa.kulkarni@ncl.res.in.

 

 

Amol A. Kulkarni

Dr.Amol A. Kulkarni
Chemical Engineering & Process Development
CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory

Dr. Amol A. Kulkarni is a Scientist in the Chemical Engineering Division at the National Chemical Laboratory. He did his B. Chem. Eng. (1998), M. Chem. Eng (2000) and Ph.D. in chemical engineering (2003) all from the University Dept. of Chem. Technology (UDCT, Mumbai). In 2004 he worked at the Max Planck Institute-Magdeburg (Germany) as a Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow. At NCL he is driving a research program on the design of microreactors and exploring their applications for continuous syntheses including of nanoparticles. He has been awarded with the Max-Planck-Visiting Fellowship from the Max-Planck-Society, Munich for 2008-2011. His research areas include: (i) design and applications of microreactors, (ii) design of multiphase reactors, (iii) experimental and computational fluid dynamics, and (iv) nonlinear dynamics of coupled systems. He is an active member of Initiative for Research and Innovation in Science (IRIS) supported by Intel’s Education Initiative to organize National Science Fair and popularize science in India.

Yachita Sharma

CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune

Location Pune, India

Department, Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division (NCL)

Yachita Sharma is a PhD student at CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune (India). She received her MSc in Applied Organic Chemistry in 2010. Her work focuses on exploring the continuous flow synthesis involving exothermic reactions and their integration.

 

Arun Nikam

CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune

Location, Pune, India

Department, Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division (NCL)

Email: arun11nikam@gmail.com
Arun was born and raised in Koregaon, Maharashtra, India. He completed his bachelors and masters in chemical sciences from Shivaji Unversity, Kolhapur, India. Currently, He is pursuing his Ph. D. under the supervision of Dr. Amol A. Kulkarni and Dr. B. L. V. Prasad. His work mainly focuses on flow synthesis of nanoparticles, drug formulation, and polymers. He develops new synthesis procedures and translates into flow chemistry to increase productivity with excellent control over the quality of the product. He is also exploring the application of nanoparticles in catalysis, electronics and pharmaceutical fields. He specializes in microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis of nanomaterial and organic intermediate. Apart from his research, he actively pursues Yoga and spirituality. He also likes to play volleyball and has competed in inter CSIR tournaments.

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Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C–H oxygenation: new routes for versatile C–O bond formation

Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C–H oxygenation: new routes for versatile C–O bond formation

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8QO01274A, Research Article

Ze-lin Li, Kang-kang Sun, Chun Cai
Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C–H oxygenation reactions of chelating arenes using iodobenzene diacetate, alcohols, and benzoic acids respectively as attacking reagents have been developed for the first time.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.

Abstract

Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C–H oxygenation reactions of chelating arenes using iodobenzene diacetate, alcohols, and benzoic acids respectively as attacking reagents have been developed for the first time. Simplicity of operation, broad range of functional group tolerance, use of cheap transition metal nickel, and avoiding extraneous directing groups are the key features, thus providing an important complement to C–H oxygenation reactions and expanding the field of nickel-catalyzed C–H functionalizations. Explorations of mechanistic details are also described.

Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C–H oxygenation: new routes for versatile C–O bond formation

Ze-lin Li,a  Kang-kang Suna  and  Chun Cai*a 

 Author affiliations

*Corresponding authors

aCollege of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, China
E-mail:c.cai@njust.edu.cn

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/QO/C8QO01274A#!divAbstract

2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl acetate (2a)

Formula: C13H11NO2 Mass: 213

To a mixture of 2-phenylpyridine (77.5 mg, 0.5 mmol) 1a, Ni(acac)2 (25.7 mg, 0.1 mmol, 20 mol %), ligand MePh2P (20.0 mg, 0.1 mmol, 20 mol %), and PhI(OAc)2 (483.2 mg, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in a reaction tube was added solvent (CH3CN=2.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 115 °C for 24 h in air. Following the general procedure, 2a was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5:1) as a white solid (80.9 mg, 76%).

1H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.8 – 8.7 (m, 1H), 7.8 – 7.7 (m, 2H), 7.6 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.5 (td, J = 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.4 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.3 – 7.3 (m, 1H), 7.2 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 2.2 (s, 3H).

13C NMR (126 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 168.4, 154.9, 148.6, 147.1, 135.3, 132.2, 129.8, 128.7, 125.4, 122.6, 122.3, 121.2, 20.0. GC-MS (EI) m/z: 213

 

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Large scale synthesis of chiral (3Z,5Z)-2,7-dihydro-1H-azepine-derived Hamari ligand for general asymmetric synthesis of tailor-made amino acids.

 

(R)-2,2′-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1′-binaphthalene ((R)-17) was prepared in the identical manner and had identical analytical properties to those given here.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.25 (4H, s, 2 × CH₂), 7.07 (2H, dd, J = 8.4, 0.8 Hz, ArH), 7.27 (2H, ddd, J = 8.4, 6.8, 1.2 Hz, ArH), 7.48 (2H, ddd, J = 8.2, 6.8, 1.2 Hz, ArH), 7.74 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.92 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, ArH), 8.02 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH).

¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 32.6 (CH₂), 126.80 (ArCH), 126.82 (ArCH), 126.84 (ArCH), 127.7 (ArCH), 128.0 (ArCH), 129.4 (ArCH), 132.5 (quaternary ArC), 133.3 (quaternary ArC), 134.1 (quaternary ArC), 134.2 (quaternary ArC).

[α]²⁰_D = +173.8° (c = 1.0, CHCl₃).

An advanced process for large scale (500 g) preparation of a (3Z,5Z)-2,7-dihydro-1H-azepine-derived chiral tridentate ligand (Hamari ligand), widely used for asymmetric synthesis of tailor-made α-amino acids via the corresponding glycine Schiff base Ni(II) complex, is disclosed. The process includes amidation, bis-alkylation, and precipitation/purification of the target compound by TFA as a counterion.

Large Scale Synthesis of Chiral (3Z,5Z)-2,7-Dihydro-1H-azepine-Derived Hamari Ligand for General Asymmetric Synthesis of Tailor-Made Amino Acids

Motohiro Takahashi*^† , Hiroki Moriwaki^†, Toshio Miwa^†, Brittanie Hoang^‡, Peng Wang^‡, and Vadim A. Soloshonok*^§∥ 

^† Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0024, Japan

^‡ Hamari Chemicals USA, San Diego Research Center, 11494 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, California 92121, United States

^§ Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain

^∥ IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013 Bilbao, Spain

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00406

Publication Date (Web): January 18, 2019

Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

*E-mail: motohiro-takahashi@hamari.co.jp., *E-mail: vadym.soloshonok@ehu.es.

This article is part of the Japanese Society for Process Chemistry special issue.

 

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Photo-organocatalytic synthesis of acetals from aldehydes

Abstract

A mild and green photo-organocatalytic protocol for the highly efficient acetalization of aldehydes has been developed. Utilizing thioxanthenone as the photocatalyst and inexpensive household lamps as the light source, a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes have been converted into acyclic and cyclic acetals in high yields. The reaction mechanism was extensively studied

Photo-organocatalytic synthesis of acetals from aldehydes

 

Nikolaos F. Nikitas,^a  Ierasia Triandafillidi^a  and  Christoforos G. Kokotos*^a 

 Author affiliations

*Corresponding authors

^aLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
E-mail:ckokotos@chem.uoa.gr

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/GC/C8GC03605E?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract

(3,3-Dimethoxypropyl)benzene (2a)6
Colorless oil; 95% yield; 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.33-7.18 (5H, m, ArH), 4.37 (1H, t, J = 5.8 Hz, OCH), 3.33 (6H, s, 2 x OCH3), 2.68 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, CH2), 1.98- 1.87 (2H, m, CH2); 13C NMR (50 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 141.8, 128.4, 125.9, 103.7, 52.8, 34.0, 30.8; MS (ESI) m/z 181 [M+H]+ .
6. Q. Zhou, T. Jia. X.-X. Li, L. Zhou, C.-J. Li, Y. S. Feng, Synth. Commun., 2018, 48, 1068.

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Eco-friendly decarboxylative cyclization in water: practical access to the anti-malarial 4-quinolones

Abstract

An environmentally benign decarboxylative cyclization in water has been developed to synthesize 4-quinolones from readily available isatoic anhydrides and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Isatins are also compatible for the reaction to generate 4-quinolones in the presence of TBHP in DMSO. This protocol provides excellent yields under mild conditions for a broad scope of 4-quinolones, and has good functional group tolerance. Only un-harmful carbon dioxide and water are released in this procedure. Moreover, the newly synthesized products have also been selected for anti-malarial examination against the chloroquine drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. 3u is found to display excellent anti-malarial activity with an IC₅₀ value of 33 nM.

Eco-friendly decarboxylative cyclization in water: practical access to the anti-malarial 4-quinolones

 

Yue Ma,^a  Yongping Zhu,^a  Dong Zhang,^a  Yuqing Meng,^a  Tian Tang,^a  Kun Wang,^a  Ji Ma,^a  Jigang Wang^a  and  Peng Sun*^a 

 Author affiliations

*Corresponding authors

^aArtermisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
E-mail:psun@icmm.ac.cn

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/GC/C8GC03570A?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract
ethyl 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (3u) White solid, m.p. 288-289 oC;
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (td, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.43 – 7.35 (m, 4H), 7.29 – 7.21 (m, 4H), 7.10 (td, J = 7.5, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 3.91 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 1H), 0.83 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H) ppm;
13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 174.1, 166.2, 156.2, 148.0, 139.8, 137.2, 132.8, 132.0, 130.5, 129.4, 128.7, 128.2, 127.6, 125.5, 125.2, 124.3, 123.6, 120.9, 118.9, 116.4, 115.8, 113.5, 70.2, 60.2, 14.0 ppm;
HRMS (ESI) calcd for [C25H21NO4+H]+ 400.1471, found 400.1463.
 

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A solvent-free catalytic protocol for the Achmatowicz rearrangement

Abstract

Reported here is the development of an environmentally friendly catalytic (KBr/oxone) and solvent-free protocol for the Achmatowicz rearrangement (AchR). Different from all previous methods is that the use of chromatographic alumina (Al₂O₃) allows AchR to proceed smoothly in the absence of any organic solvent and therefore considerably facilitates the subsequent workup and purification with minimal environmental impacts. Importantly, this protocol allows for scaling up (from milligram to gram), recycling of the Al₂O₃, and integrating with other reactions in a one-pot sequential manner.

A solvent-free catalytic protocol for the

Achmatowicz rearrangement

 

Guodong Zhao^a  and  Rongbiao Tong*^ab 

 Author affiliations

*Corresponding authors

^aDepartment of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, China
E-mail: rtong@ust.hk
Fax: +(852)23581594
Tel: +(852) 23587357

^bHKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/GC/C8GC03030H?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract

1n: colorless oil, 0.33 g, 73% yield for 2 steps.

1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 7.59–7.58 (m, 1H), 7.45 (s, 2H), 6.40 (dd, J = 3.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (s, 1H), 4.74–4.60 (m, 1H), 4.18–4.07 (m, 2H), 2.09–2.04 (m, 2H).

13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ: 157.6, 142.4, 110.7, 106.1, 66.5, 62.8, 35.2. IR (KBr) 3282.9, 2928.7, 1627.4, 1562.5, 1353.8, 1174.6, 1074.0, 999.7, 918.4, 742.8 cm-1 ;

HRMS (CI+ ) (m/z) calcd. for C7H11NO5S [M]+ 221.0352; found 221.0354.

  

2n (EtOAc/hexane = 3:1):colorless oil (dr 7:3), 46 mg, 97%.

1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 7.48–7.47 (m, 2H), 7.34–7.02 (m, 2H), 6.12–6.03 (m, 1H), 5.61–5.48 (m, 1H), 4.60 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.1 Hz, 0.7H), 4.28 (ddd, J = 8.8, 4.0, 1.3 Hz, 0.3H), 4.20–4.11 (m, 2H), 2.27–2.20 (m, 1H), 1.97–1.86 (m, 1H).

13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ: 196.7, 196.5, 151.9, 148.3, 127.7, 126.0, 90.9, 87.2, 74.6, 70.1, 65.8, 65.8, 30.3, 29.6. IR (KBr) 3370.4, 2987.0, 1689.5, 1364.3, 1268.0, 1178.4, 1023.3, 928.3, 755.1 cm-1 ;

HRMS (CI+ ) (m/z) calcd. for C7H11NO6S [M]+ 237.0302; found 237.0315.

 

////////////////Achmatowicz rearrangement

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