Organic Chemists from Industry and academics to Interact on Spectroscopy Techniques for Organic Compounds ie NMR, MASS, IR, UV Etc. Starters, Learners, advanced, all alike, contains content which is basic or advanced, by Dr Anthony Melvin Crasto, Worlddrugtracker, email me ........... amcrasto@gmail.com, call +91 9323115463 India skype amcrasto64
................DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai) , INDIA 25Yrs Exp. in the feld of Organic Chemistry,Working for GLENMARK GENERICS at Navi Mumbai, INDIA. Serving chemists around the world. Helping them with websites on Chemistry.Million hits on google, world acclamation from industry, academia, drug authorities for websites, blogs and educational contribution
The Lewis acid MgCl2
allows control of the metalation regioselectivity of uracils and
uridines. In the absence of the Lewis acid, metalation of uracil and
uridine derivatives with TMPMgCl·LiCl occurs at the position C(5). In
the presence of MgCl2, zincation using TMP2Zn·2LiCl·2MgCl2 occurs at the position C(6). This metalation method provides easy access to functionalized uracils and uridines. Using TMP2Zn·2LiCl·2MgCl2 also allows to functionalize cytidine derivatives at the position C(6).
The selective functionalization of uridines is an
important synthetic goal because of the biological relevance of many
substituted uridines. They are known to display antibiotic, antifungal,
anticancer, and antiviral activity. Knochel and co-workers at
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität extended their investigation of
metalation of heterocyclic systems to uridines. They reported the
regioselective metalation of uridines at the C(5) or C(6) position and
the subsequent functionalization of these metalated nucleoside
derivatives with electrophiles ( Org. Lett.2016, 18, 1068). Metalation of a protected uridine (A)
with a slight excess of TMPMgCl·LiCl afforded the C(5) magnesiated
uridine (C(5):C(6) = 98:2) in quantitative yield. The presence of MgCl2 inversed the regioselectivity of the metalation. Zincation of a protected uridine (A) with 1.2 equiv of TMP2Zn·2LiCl·2MgCl2
produced the C(6) bis-zincated uridine (C(5):C(6) = 3:97) also in
quantitative yield. The C(5) or C(6) metalated uridines were then
functionalized with a variety of electrophiles. This chemistry was
successfully extended to the regioselective C6 metalation and
functionalization of cytidines. The deprotection of the substituted
uridines and cytidines afforded the corresponding functionalized
nucleosides.
Lewis Acid Triggered Regioselective Magnesiation and Zincation of Uracils, Uridines, and Cytidines
Green Chem., 2016, Advance Article DOI: 10.1039/C6GC00872K, Communication
Siew Ping Teong, Dingyi Yu, Yin Ngai Sum, Yugen Zhang
A mild and easy-to-handle protocol to produce propargylamines with a terminal alkyne through sp3 C-H bond activation and C-C coupling of tertiary amines and calcium carbide has been developed.
A mild and easy-to-handle protocol to
produce propargylamines with a terminal alkyne through catalytic
cross-coupling of tertiary amines and calcium carbide has been
developed. The reaction proceeds via sp3
C–H bond activation and C–C coupling. Good to excellent yields were
obtained for the corresponding propargylamines with both alkyl and aryl
substitutions. The development of these functionalized propargylamines
with a terminal alkyne group will offer a wider application for the
synthesis of natural or pharmaceutical products due to their unique sp
C–H reactivity.
N-methyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)cyclohexanamine
(3a) This compound was prepared according to general procedure and
isolated by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane = 1/8) to give
the product as a light yellow liquid (139 mg, 92%). 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 3.42 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.39 – 2.31 (m, 1H, CH), 2.35
(s, 3H, CH3), 2.19 (t, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H, C≡CH), 1.92 – 1.90 (m, 2H, CH2),
1.78 – 1.75 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.62 – 1.59 (m, 1H, CH2), 1.31 – 1.08 (m, 5H,
CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 79.8, 72.6, 60.7, 42.9, 38.5, 29.8,
26.0, 25.5; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd. for C 10 H 17 N 151.1361; found
151.1358
Gokarna
is a small temple town on the western coast of India in the Kumta taluk
of Uttara Kannada district of the state of Karnataka. The main temple
and deity is Lord Shiva, who is also known as Mahabhaleshwara. Wikipedia
HOW TO REACH GOKARNA
Gokarna is located in
Karnataka just a few hours from Goa and Bangalore. Although it does not
have an airport, it is well-connected by road to all major cities. Here
is how to reach Gokarna.
Updated
March 28, 2016.
Gokarna is a small and remote holy town, with four of India's
most secluded and pristine beaches nestled nearby. It draws both pious
pilgrims and hedonistic holidaymakers with equal enthusiasm. Travel to
Gokarna to get a feel for what Goa was like in its heyday, although time
is limited as developers are already seeing the potential of this area
and commercialization is setting in.
Location
Gokarna is
located in the state of Karnataka, an hour south of the Goa border. It's
around 450 kilometers (280 miles) from Bangalore, the state capital.
Getting There
The
nearest airport is Dabolim, in Goa. From there it's a four hour drive
south to Gorkana. Alternatively, trains on the Konkan railway stop at
Gokarna Road station, 15 minutes from town, as well as Kumta and Ankola
stations, both around 25 kilometers (16 miles) from Gokarna. Gokarna is
also well connected by bus from major cities such as Madgaon in Goa, and
Mangalore and Bangalore in Karnataka.
Climate and Weather
Gokarna experiences the southwest monsoon
from June to August, following which the weather becomes dry and sunny.
The best time to visit Gokarna is from October until March, when the
weather is warm and pleasant with temperatures averaging 32 degrees
Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit). April and May are hot summer months,
and the temperature easily reaches 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees
Fahrenheit) then. It becomes very humid too.
What to Do
Gokarna's
main attraction is its beaches, where people come to chill and soak up
the sun for months at a time. As Gokarna is one of the most sacred holy
towns for Hindus in south India, there are also some important temples
to see. Unfortunately, they're off limits to non-Hindus but you can grab
a glimpse inside. The Mahabaleshwar Temple houses a huge lingam
(symbol) of Lord Shiva. Make sure you check out the huge chariots near
the Ganpati Temple, which carry a Shiva idol through the streets while
people throw bananas at it for good luck during the Shivaratri Festival
in February/March.
In addition, it's possible to learn yoga (most classes are held on Kudle Beach) and to surf. Read More: 8 Top Places to Surf and Get Lessons in India.
Beaches
Gokarna
town has its own (rather unclean) beach that's popular with pilgrims.
However, the beaches that are of most interest to tourists are located
one after another, a short distance away to the south. There are four of
them -- Kudle Beach, Om Beach, Halfmoon Beach, and Paradise Beach (in
that order). Each has its own appeal.
Om Beach is the most
happening beach, and is the only one that's reachable by car or
rickshaw. However, this means that it attracts plenty of rowdy domestic
tourists and locals, particularly on weekends, and unfortunately the
men don't always behave themselves. Therefore, laid-back Kudle Beach is a
preferable alternative for those who want to be around other travelers.
This beach is situated in between Gokarna and Om beaches, and can be
reached in 20 minutes from Om beach or by a short downhill walk from
drop-off points. The other much smaller beaches -- Halfmoon and Paradise
-- are to the south of Om beach. They're a scenic 30 minute hike away
from each other through the hills and over rocks, or a short boat ride
away. Paradise Beach, the last beach, isn't much more than a tiny
protected cove that's a patch of hippie paradise.
Where to Stay
Gokarna town has plenty of hotels but they are characterless places. Instead, opt for a homestay such as Hari Priya Residency.
Better
still, find yourself a hut on the beach. Decent ones are longer super
cheap though, as many establishments have upgraded to concrete
structures with attached bathrooms. Prices skyrocket from December to
February, when demand is high, although it's much less costly than Goa!
Om and Kudle beaches both have some permanent accommodations, while
places only open on Paradise and Halfmoon beaches during the tourist
season from November to March. If you want to book in advance, try Paradise Holiday Cottages on Kudle Beach. Nirvana Guest House is the best place to stay on Om Beach. Namaste Cafe
is also popular. Beach accommodation can be difficult to come by in the
peak months of December and January though. Many people are just happy
with a hammock! If that idea doesn't appeal to you, make sure you turn
up before noon to grab a room as people are checking out.
There are a few luxury resorts on the hillside, such as Om Beach Resort, SwaSwara, and Kudle Beach View Resort & Spa
to cater for those who prefer their comforts. Om Beach Resort has a
traditional Ayurvedic center, while Swaswara focuses on yoga and
meditation.
For something different, check out Namaste Yoga Farm in the hills above Kudle Beach.
Alternatively, backpackers will be pleased to know that a Zostel hostel
opened up in early 2016. It sits on a hilltop halfway between Gokarna
town and Kudle Beach, and the beach view is rather spectacular. It's an
arty place with dorms, private wooden cottages, a common room, and a
yummy restaurant.
Parties and Nightlife
Bonfires, singing,
guitars, and drums are familiar parts of Gokarna's nightlife. The party
scene in holy Gokarna is kept in check by strict policing, although
some beach parties do happen during the peak season. Officially, alcohol
is banned because of the town's religious significance but you won't
have a problem getting a cold beer on the beach.
Dangers and Annoyances
Police
corruption has become a significant issue in recent years. After you
arrive, your auto-rickshaw or taxi may take you to a police checkpoint,
where your luggage will be searched for drugs (this includes
prescription drugs) and hefty bribes extorted for possession. Also, do
be aware that police are known to visit guest rooms and extort bribes
from those found to be in possession of narcotics. Care should be taken
when walking between the beaches at night in the dark, and it's best not
to go alone. Swimming can also be dangerous as some areas have strong
currents.
A Weekend for Me, Myself, and I in Gokarna Paradise
After constantly being around people for what seems like a few
months now, I finally got the opportunity to head out on my own for the
weekend! I made my way 3 hours north of Manipal by train to a little
sandy paradise named Gokarna. I left Friday afternoon and didn’t return
until Monday evening, and I loved every minute of it.
The train ride there was extremely easy and even quite. I had an
entire section of a car just to myself. I arrived at the station in
Gokarna just as the sun was setting, so I grabbed a taxi for the 20
minute drive from the station to where I was staying. To get there, the
taxi had to go on dirt backroads full of potholes, but it was well worth
the bumpy ride. I splurged a little and decided to stay at a yoga farm
on a cliff overlooking one of the beaches. And because it is the end of
the season, they gave me a cottage all to myself for a discounted price.
Roommate 1
Roommate 2
Roommate 3
When I got there Friday night I dropped my stuff off and headed
straight for the beach. From the yoga farm, it is a 5 minute walk down
the road to get to Kudle beach (there are 5 beaches in Gokarna, and
Kudle is one of the best for tourists besides Om beach). I soon found
myself sitting at one of the shacks along the beach having seafood
noodles and a cold beer and enjoying the moonlight over the Arabian sea.
I walked around the beach for a bit before heading back to my cottage
to sleep.
Trail from the yoga farm to the beach
Included with my accommodations, I got to do yoga there every morning
then have a delicious breakfast. The farm was started by a German
couple who then hired on an Italian yoga instructor. They come over to
India from October until April to run the farm and relax every year. And
better yet, they live in tree houses. That is a serious childhood dream
come true!
Treehouses!
Before yoga, we would sit around the community area and have warm
ginger-lemon-honey drinks and get to know each other. There were only 3
other guests there from Austria, Britain, and Holland. The yoga was
great – we practiced for 1.5 hours each morning on the yoga deck in the
jungle. All the time, we could hear the waves crashing below and monkeys
were swinging in the trees around us. Then after yoga we went back to
the community area and got breakfast. Each morning I got fruit salad
with museli and curd and then toast with a fried egg, real cheese (SO
HAPPY), and tomato. What a great way to start my day!
Yoga deck in the jungle
Community area
After that, both on Saturday and Sunday I headed down to the beach.
Both of those days looked just like this: swim in the ocean, lay in the
sun, grab a fresh fruit juice, trek over the cliffs from Kudle beach to
Om beach, swim in the ocean, lay in the sun, grab a snack, trek back
over the cliffs, swim in the ocean, grab dinner, sit on the beach and
watch the sunset, hang out with new friends on the beach, sleep. The
ocean was so warm and the waves weren’t too harsh so sometimes I stayed
in the water for over an hour until my fingers were prunes. Kudle beach
is a bit smaller than Om and really only has tourists while Om beach
(which is shaped as an Om) is larger and has more locals there. To get
from one beach to the other is about a 30 minute hike up and then back
down the cliffs.
Om Beach. The picture is taken from the top of the Om.
Trekking from one beach to the other.
Kudle Beach. Across the way up on the hill in the jungle is the yoga farm.
My favorite beach shack – Namaste Rock Cafe
Mint milkshake made with real mint. Delicious.
Because it was near to the end of the season and many vendors are
closing down and leaving back home, most those that were still there
were very friendly. They would sit down with me on the beach and we
would start talking. Very few of them actually tried to sell me
anything. On Saturday night when I was watching the sunset, a young girl
(15 years old) and her brother (6 years) came and sat with me. They are
normally from Hampi, but come live with their aunt in Gokarna during
tourist season to sell jewelry on the beach to make money to send home.
The girl kept commenting on how pretty I was because I was white and how
much she didn’t like that she was dark. She called me ice-cream and
herself monkey. It was really hard to hear a young girl being racist
against herself, although it is very common throughout India that darker
skin is not as highly looked upon as lighter skin. Soon their aunt came
and sat with us. And when I told her that I was studying to become a
doctor all three of them shook my hand before she pulled out a piece of
paper. It was the report from a recent ultrasound that she had gotten
because she has had stomach pain for two years. She asked me to look at
it for her, and even though I tried to tell her that I wasn’t yet a
doctor she still wanted me to look. Her doctor had told her to take some
pills, but that they had not been helping. The report said that her
appendix was inflamed, but that all other abdominal organs were okay. I
really wish I could have helped her, but without training it wasn’t
ethical for me to recommend anything. So the only advice I could give
her was to listen to her doctor. I am here in India to study public
health, yet when Im away from my studies I got the most eye-opening
experience related to it.
Before they left, I did want to get a few necklaces from them. They
had already given me a black necklace, which they said was to remind me
of them because they are dark, and an Amber colored bracelet to match my
ring. When I went to pay, I didn’t have any small change. They told me
to take the two necklaces I had picked out and to just pay them
tomorrow. The amount of trust is incredible! I did find them the next
day and brought them some cold water and paid them. Altogether a real
eye-opening and touching interaction.
Also, because Gokarna is a popular stop for single travelers making
their way through India, I met a number of friends from different areas.
On Saturday, I had dinner with a girl from Britain, Amy, and a guy from
Brazil, Filipe, who had run into each other traveling. Amy left early
Sunday morning to continue with her travels, but Filipe stayed another
day and we enjoyed each others’ company for the rest of the weekend. He
is also a medical student in Brazil, taking a year off to travel the
world. It was really interesting comparing aspects of my life in America
and his in Brazil since we are on such a similar path. On Sunday night
we went out with a guy from Britain who was staying at the yoga farm and
is taking a year to travel. After a few beers we all ended up in a drum
circle around a fire on the beach with people from India, Sweden,
Chile, and more that I don’t even know. I absolutely loved it- complete
strangers from such different areas with different ideas can wind up in
the same place and have an amazing time together.
On Monday morning, after my yoga and food routine, Filipe and I
walked into town before heading to the train station. To get to town,
you have to walk across a cliff which is bare, dusty, and hot. You feel
like you are wandering through a desert, until you can look out and see
the beaches and ocean.
After a short walk through town and quick glimpse of the temples, we
had to make our way to the train station 20 minutes away to make sure we
could get train tickets. We got there 2.5 hours early and ended up just
hanging at the station reading, talking, and listening to music until
the train came.
The train was incredibly crowded, so we were forced to stand for the
first little bit until others left their seats. We were also the only
tourists in the car. But I made it back to Udupi and then Manipal via
auto rickshaw safely and very happily.
It was such an amazing weekend- not only was it gorgeous scenery,
delicious food and drink, fun swimming and trekking, and really good
yoga practice, but I had amazing company. It didn’t matter if I was just
with myself or with some of my new worldly friends, I was having an
incredible time. I got to know myself better and I learned new things
(such as how the British like to party and some about Buddhism and the
process of becoming a doctor in Brazil and much more). This is
definitely a weekend I will not be forgetting!
And to make things even better, on Thursday my dearest mother is
coming to visit! She is landing in Mumbai/Bombay where I will meet her.
We will spend the weekend exploring the city before taking a train back
to Manipal where I will show her around my new stomping grounds.
On Gokarna beach the children and I had good spontaneous fun etching circles in the sand and creating mandalas within them.
Our sand circles
Mandalas in the sand
Jeremy and George on the beach
Two
beaches to the south, passing through the very hippy Kudle beach, one
can climb up over the headland to reach Om beach on the other side. The
beach is named Om due to its shape being like the sacred omkara, the
only beach like this in India.
Traveller crowd at Om beach
Cows enjoying Om beach
Making friends with some visitors from Dandeli
We
met some young men on holiday, who were from the village of Dandeli.
There was Kushol, the playful one, Ishmael whose car they'd come in but
who slept most of the time, Manu who was enchanted by Rosina, Uvee who
flirted with a young German girl nearby, and the boss of a paper factory
called Pomy who flirted with me, and even said he was in love with me.
Kudle
beach, not having a road leading to it like Om,was the best really for
the hippy crowd to do their thing with few spectators.
Calf suckling from its mother on the beach
Visiting
a Russian Yoga Centre, which overlooks Kudle beach, I found myself in
the midst of a Lakshmi puja fire ceremony, especially to celebrate the
New Year, a good time to honour the Goddess. A handsome Indian holy man
called Shiva Swami performed the ceremony, surrounded by beautiful,
delightful Russian girls who were very into the Hindu way. Shiva Swami
spoke of Lakshmi, she who cares about both our material and spiritual
welfare, and blesses us with good qualities such as love and compassion,
a beautiful smile and a happy heart.
Shiva Swami performs a Lakshmi puja
The
fire yagna began with worship of the elephant god, Ganesh, as all
yagna's must do to be effective. Lots of mantras were chanted by Shiva
Swami with accompanying 'Swaha's' chanted by everyone. Holy oils were
poured on the sacred fire. I joined in chanting the mantra's, the mantra
to Lakshmi being 'Om krim ha Lakshmi namaha'. We
focused on the flames, imagining good things for the world and for
ourselves, and chanted a special mantra for the divine union of Shiva
and Shakti, a mantra that is used in the temples of Ammaji the hugging
guru, 'Om Shiva Shakti kyeru pinyay namaha...... swaha'... There was
also a special Goddess mantra, the Shakti Peeth, chanted by all Hindu's
during the nine days of Navaratri, 'Om ayeem krim klim chamundayee
vijay....... swaha'.... The sacred word 'ayeem' is the bhij mantra of
Saraswati and brings one to wisdom. The sacred word 'krim' is the bhij
mantra of Lakshmi and brings emotional purification. The sacred word
'klim' is the bhij mantra of Kali and brings power. The word
'chamundayee' illustrates that ones whole existence is Shakti Ma. This
mantra is a good potent mantra, which protects one from all kinds of
vengeance and brings about a highly powerful spiritual awakening. Shiva Swami told us that there was so much energy in this yagna that it would protect us forever and ever.
Coconut water from the coconut stall
Cow of Gokarna
Fruit delivery
Spring water from the mouth of a cow
The
Rama temple which overlooks the sea has good spring water to drink. This
flows from the stone head of a cow, around which are little naga snake
deities. This mineral water, its is claimed, will cure illnesses.
The Rama temple halfway up the cliff overlooking Gokarna
View from the cliff of Gokarna beach
Cave where Shiva was born from the ear of a cow
Up
above Kudle beach is the cave where Shiva emerged from the ear of the
cow. A small shrine is in its dark depths and many bats. The smell is
stifling though, hard to breathe in there. On
the cliff near there, overlooking the sea, is the spot where Garuda,
the divine bird of the Ramayana, came crashing down when slain by
Ravana.
Yoga is practised as cold drinks arrive in Kudle beach
Georgie enjoying the sea
One of the hippy characters of Gokarna, Guy of France
Hippy Guy from the Auvergne, with his impressive pink motorbike. Guy
was connected with a cultish group in Kerala, where, as he told me, the
inner core members have some strange habits, living naked, and sharing
one another sexually. They even send their children away not to be
brought up by either parent.
Roman who bought an auto-rickshaw
Roman in his rickshaw
An
English guy, Roman, had become the proid owner of an auto rickshaw,
which both impressed and amused me, for this he now intended to travel
around India in, his first destination being Hampi.
Friend of the monkeys
Adi lingam, the original lingam of the Shiva temple in Gokarna, surrounded by water
Steps down to the adi lingam
Resident frogs at the sacred yoni - at the shrine of the Adi Lingam
Though
the inner shrine of the great Shiva temple is closed to foreigners we
were welcome to look around the rest of the temple. Down some steps we
went into the shrine of the Adi lingam, which was the original lingam
long before the one in the inner shrine It was set in a pool of water in which frogs swam, and was a special place of worship. Foreigners
were also allowed into the Parvati shrine, the shrine of Shiva's bride.
Once a year Shiva is brought to her here to enact a marriage ceremony.
A crow was plucking hairs out from the cows tail
Brahmani kite which represents the divine god Garuda