Understand NMR with simple molecules, Ethyl (E)-2-butenoate

Ethyl (E)-2-butenoate

Ethyl trans-crotonate

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1H NMR

Ethyl (E)-2-butenoate

1H NMR WITH INTEGRALS

Ethyl-2-butenoate

1H-NMR proton decoupled spectrum of Ethyl-2-butenoate in CDCl3.

1H-NMR proton coupled spectrum of Ethyl-2-butenoate in CDCl3.

13C NMR

APT

DEPT

13C-NMR proton decoupled spectrum of Ethyl-2-butenoate in CDCl3.

DEPT spectrum of Ethyl-2-butenoate

COSY spectra

• The information on the H that are coupling with each other is obtained by looking at the peaks inside the grid.  These peaks are usually shown in a contour type format, like height intervals on a map.
• In order to see where this information comes from, let’s consider an example shown below, the COSY of ethyl 2-butenoate 
• First look at the peak marked A in the top left corner.  This peak indicates a coupling interaction between the H at 6.9 ppm and the H at 1.8 ppm.  This corresponds to the coupling of the CH3 group and the adjacent H on the alkene.
• Similarly, the peak marked B indicates a coupling interaction between the H at 4.15 ppm and the H at 1.25 ppm.  This corresponds to the coupling of the CH2 and the CH3 in the ethyl group.
• Notice that there are a second set of equivalent peaks, also marked A and Bon the other side of the diagonal.

(COSY spectra recorded by D. Fox, Dept of Chemistry, University of Calgary on a Bruker Advance DRX-400 spectrometer)

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HETCOR spectra

• The information on how the H are C are matched is obtained by looking at the peaks inside the grid.  Again, these peaks are usually shown in a contour type format, like height intervals on a map.
• In order to see where this information comes from, let’s consider an example shown below, the HETCOR of ethyl 2-butenoate.
• First look at the peak marked A near the middle of the grid.  This peak indicates that the H at 4.1 ppm is attached to the C at 60 ppm.  This corresponds to the -OCH2- group.
• Similarly, the peak marked B towards the top right in the grid indicates that the H at 1.85 ppm is attached to the C at17 ppm.  Since the H is a singlet, we know that this corresponds to the CH3- group attached to the carbonyl in the acid part of the ester and not the CH3- group attached to the -CH2- in the alcohol part of the ester.
• Notice that the carbonyl group from the ester has no “match” since it has no H attached in this example.

(HETCOR spectra recorded by D. Fox, Dept of Chemistry, University of Calgary on a Bruker Advance DRX-400 spectrometer)

HETCOR

COSY

HMQC

HMBC

IR

 

 mass

 

 raman

 

 

 

 

 

lakshadweep islands, India

Lakshadweep - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshadweep

Jump to India's Coral Islands - [edit]. The Aminidivi group of islands (consisting of Amini, Keltan, Chetlat, Kadamat, Bitra and Perumal Par) and the ...

‎Bangaram Atoll - ‎Kavaratti - ‎Agatti Aerodrome - ‎Lakshadweep Police

Travel to Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep travel aide empowers the voyagers to investigate the radiance and wonder of this terrific island settled in the midst of the Arabian Sea. With its turquoise blue waters, virgin shorelines, and an extensive variety of water games and marine attractions, Lakshadweep is a standout amongst the most mainstream visitor objectives of India.

The archipelago is located at a distance of 200 to 300 km from the coastline of the south Indian state of Kerala. Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory of India. The total land area covered by the archipelago of Lakshadweep is 32 sq. km.

The islands are found off the bank of south west India, close to the condition of Kerala. Anybody guaranteeing to be a travel fan ought not miss the chance to visit the islands as it is here you can acknowledge nature and its magnificence in its purest structures.

How to Reach Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep is a gathering of little islands placed around two to four hundred kilometer from the south-western shore of India. These islands are the littlest union region of India and are divided from the Indian territory by the Arabian Sea.

By Air
The union region has an air terminal in Agatti, which is routinely associated by flights from Kochi (Cochin) the capital of Kerala. Kochi (Cochin) is a global air terminal furthermore connected very nearly all primary urban areas in India.

The Pawan Hans helicopter service is also provided to visit the islands. The flying time between Agatti and Kochi (Cochin) is only one hour and a half. From Agatti you can find helicopter services to reach Kavaratti (an important city in the region) round the year and Bangaram Island in the monsoons. More Detail...

By Sea
Going by boat is likewise a decent choice to achieve Lakshadweep. Various traveler boats work from Kochi (Cochin) to Lakshadweep. The separation can be flown out in almost 18 to 20 hours. The boats offer a scope of convenience and advanced luxuries. Notwithstanding, amid the storms, the boat services stay shut.

The estimated expense of going to Lakshadweep from Kochi by boat is around 500 to 1000 Indian Rupees every head for the occupants of India though it is around 2000 Indian Rupees for outsiders.

Best Time to visit

The weather in Lakshadweep remains pleasant throughout the year but the best time to visit the place is between October and April. The temperature doesn't usually exceed 30 degrees.

Travel Tips

• Make sure you have a proper plan in place while travelling to Lakshadweep Islands as a visit to the island requires an entry permit which takes at least two days to be processed.
• Getting an accommodation in the islands can be a task if you plan your visit in peak seasons. So, make sure you have arranged for a place to stay well in advance.
• Do not travel in the islands at night as they are largely uninhabited. You may get lost or encounter unwanted attention by burglars and thieves.

Places to See in Lakshadweep

Kavaratti

Kavaratti in Lakshadweep Islands has a beautiful Lagoon. There are several water sports for the amusement of travellers.

The place also has some very beautiful mosques which represent the rich ancient architecture of India. There also is a marine aquarium representing the aquatic life of the place.

Agatti

It presents a breathtaking spectacle of coral reefs and an array of coconut palms swaying in sea breeze.

Agatti Island is known to be a gateway for the Lakshadweep islands. The beaches of the island are listed among the best beaches in India.

Food
Most of the food cooked in Lakshadweep takes inspiration from south Indian cuisine. Foods like Appam, Dosa, Idli are generally preferred for breakfast. Cabbage, Peera, Olan, Parippu curry, Plaintain Idimas are preffered food options for the lunch.

Because of the island being ruled by Muslim rulers in its history one can also spot non-vegetarian delicacies like Kozhi Masala, Irachi Varuthathu and Chicken Curry among others.

Shopping in Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep is not exactly a shopping destination. People visit the island not as much for shopping, as they do for spending an unhurried leisure time and for scuba diving which is a popular water sport.

If you are still keen on shopping here, taking back some souvenir to remind you of the great holiday you had, you can look for classic beach handicrafts made corals shells and oysters.

It is worth noting that there are not many shopping markets or large emporiums or plush malls for shopping in Lakshadweep. You can find an odd shop once in a while anywhere at the island or else you may also come across few local inhabitants with roadside stalls.

There are no famous shops for shopping in Lakshadweep as the island has a population of less than even a lakh people. It is not a very glamorous place for shopping but you can locate cute little gifts from shops spread throughout the island.

Things to shop for in Lakshadweep

• Artificial jewellery made of sea items
• Beautiful aquariums
• Canned fish biscuits
• Coconut shell curios
• Household items made up of tortoise shells
• Oysters

 Hotels in Lakshadweep

Visitors do not have a wide range of options to stay. However, there are some popular resorts and hotels in the island of Bangaram. You can find many beautiful cottages made out of natural materials and are eco-friendly. You can also stay in hotels that you will find in Kavaratti and other places. Government-run huts and hotels too are a good option if you want to stay here. More Detail...

Resorts in Lakshadweep
Finding accommodation in the islands is not a problem at all. Due to the rise in the tourist footfalls every year, many new hotels and lodges are coming up. These hotels are being designed to cater to tourists with varied tastes and budgets.

The locations of most of the hotels in the union territory are very beautiful. The view of the greenery amidst the blue water of the ocean that you get from the hotel window explains the reason for the islands being considered a tourist's paradise. The hotel rooms are designed with style. The facilities provided vary according to the category of accommodation you are opting for. But the basic services are appreciable enough. There are different categories of accommodation available in the islands. You may choose that suits your taste and budget. There are many deluxe hotels for those who want to spend the holiday luxuriously. But various budget hotels and lodges are also there to cater to the need of those who want to want to with a fixed budget. More Detail...

Travel Map of Lakshadweep 

- See more at: http://indiantoursandtravels07.blogspot.in/search/label/Union%20Territories%20of%20India#sthash.m8xuUkDS.dpuf

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The AgattAgatti island is the gateway to Lakshadweep islands, a chain of little known islands, lying about 320 Km off the south west coast of India.

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