GIVINOSTAT

GIVINOSTAT, ITF2357, UNII-5P60F84FBH, ITF-2357, Gavinostat,

[6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate,

diethyl-[6-(4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenylcarbamoyloxymethyl)-naphthalen-2-yl-methyl]-amine

4-[6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphth-2-ylmethyloxycarbamoyl]benzohydroxamic acid

CAS 497833-27-9 FREE BASE

199657-29-9 HCL SALT

Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₇N₃O₄

Molecular Weight: 421.48888 g/mol

PHASE 2  Italfarmaco (INNOVATOR)

Italfarmaco S.P.A.

DESCRIBED IN U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,096 or in U.S. Pat. No. 7,329,689.

GIVINOSTAT

Givinostat (INN^[1]) or gavinostat (originally ITF2357) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities.^[2] It is a hydroxamate used in the form of its hydrochloride.

Givinostat is in numerous phase II clinical trials (including for relapsed leukemias and myelomas),^[3] and has been granted orphan drug designation in the European Union for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis^[4] and polycythaemia vera.^[5]

In 2010, orphan drug designation was assigned in the E.U. for the treatment of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and for the treatment of polycythemia vera. In 2013, this designation was assigned by the FDA for the treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and for the treatment of Becker's muscular dystrophy.

ITF2357 was discovered at Italfarmaco of Milan, Italy. It was patented in 1997 and first described in the scientific literature in 2005.^[6][7]

Givinostat hydrochloride, an orally active, synthetic inhibitor of histone deacetylase, is being evaluated in several early clinical studies at Italfarmaco, including studies for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases, polycythemia vera, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and periodic fever syndrome. The company was also conducting clinical trials for the treatment of Crohn's disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia; however, the trials were terminated.

No recent development has been reported for research into the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, for the treatment of multiple myeloma and for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Patent	Submitted	Granted
Monohydrate hydrochloride of the 4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid (6-diethylaminomethyl-naphtalen-2-yl) ester [US7329689]	2005-11-03	2008-02-12

Adverse effects

In clinical trials of givinostat as a salvage therapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, the most common adverse reactions were fatigue (seen in 50% of participants), mild diarrhea or abdominal pain (40% of participants), moderate thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet counts, seen in one third of patients), and mild leukopenia (a decrease in white blood cell levels, seen in 30% of patients). One-fifth of patients experienced prolongation of the QT interval, a measure of electrical conduction in the heart, severe enough to warrant temporary suspension of treatment.^[8]

Mechanism of action

Givinostat inhibits class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. This reduces expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α and β, and interleukin 6.^[7]

It also has activity against cells expressing JAK2(V617F), a mutated form of the janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme that is implicated in the pathophysiology of many myeloproliferative diseases, including polycythaemia vera.^[9][10] In patients with polycythaemia, the reduction of mutant JAK2 concentrations by givinostat is believed to slow down the abnormal growth of erythrocytes and ameliorate the symptoms of the disease.^[5]

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PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US7329689

Hydrochloride of (6-diethylaminomethyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester of (4-hydroxycarbamoylphenyl)-carbamic acid (II)

has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,096 as a derivative of hydroxamic acid having anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity, probably owing to the ability thereof to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This compound is obtained according to Example 12 of the above-mentioned patent as an anhydrous, amorphous, hygroscopic, deliquescent solid which is difficult to handle.

The 4-(6-diethylaminomethyl-naphthalen-2-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-benzoic acid can be prepared as described in Example 12, point C, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,096.

The acid (1.22 kg, 3 moles) was suspended in THF (19 l) and the mixture was agitated under nitrogen over night at ambient temperature. The mixture was then cooled to 0° C. and thionyl chloride (0.657 l, 9 moles) was added slowly, still under nitrogen, with the temperature being maintained below 10° C. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 60 minutes, DMF (26 ml) was added and the mixture was further heated under reflux for 60 minutes.

The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, toluene was added to the residue and was then evaporated. This operation was repeated twice, then the residue was suspended in THF (11.5 l) and the mixture was cooled to 0° C.

The mixture was then poured into a cold solution of hydroxylamine (50% aq., 1.6 l, 264 moles) in 5.7 l of water. The mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature and agitated for 30 minutes. 6M HCl was added until pH 2 was reached and the mixture was partially evaporated under vacuum in order to eliminate most of the THF. The solid was filtered, washed repeatedly with water and dissolved in a solution of sodium bicarbonate (2.5%, 12.2 l). The solution was extracted with 18.6 l of a mixture of THF and ethyl acetate (2:1 v/v). 37% HCl (130 ml) were added to the organic layer in order to precipitate the monohydrate of the (6-diethylaminomethyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester hydrochloride of the (4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid. If necessary, this operation can be repeated several times to remove any residues of the original acid.

Finally, the solid was dried under vacuum (approximately 30 mbar, 50° C.), producing 0.85 kg (60%) of compound (I).

HPLC purity: 99.5%; water content (Karl Fischer method): 3.8%; (argentometric) assay: 99.8%.

	Elemental analysis
	C %	H %	Cl %	N %
	Calculated for	60.56	6.35	7.45	8.83
	C24H30ClN3O5
	Found	61.06	6.48	7.48	8.90

 

 

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PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US20120302633

.......................

http://www.google.com/patents/US6034096

EXAMPLE 12

4-[6-(Diethylaminomethyl)naphth-2-ylmethyloxycarbamoyl]-benzohydroxamic acid hydrochloride

A. 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) (22.2 g, 115 mmol) was added to a solution of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (25 g, 115 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (15.6 g, 115 mmol) in dimethylformamide (1800 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Diethyl amine (34.3 ml, 345 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was then evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude was treated with 1N HCl (500 ml) and ethyl acetate (500 ml), insoluble compounds were filtered off and the phases were separated. The organic phase was extracted with 5% sodium carbonate (3×200 ml) and the combined aqueous solutions were acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 ml). The organic solution was then washed with 1N HCl (6×100 ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure yielding 18.5 g (Yield 60%) of pure 6-(diethylaminocarbonyl)-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid; m.p.=122-124° C.

¹ H-NMR d 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 3.60-3.20 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.00 (m, 6H).

B. A solution of 6-(diethylaminocarbonyl)-2- naphthalenecarboxylic acid (18 g, 66 mmol) in THF (200 ml) was slowly added to a refluxing suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (7.5 g, 199 mmol) in THF (500 ml). The mixture was refluxed for an hour, then cooled at room temperature and treated with a mixture of THF (25 ml) and water (3.5 ml), with 20% sodium hydroxide (8.5 ml) and finally with water (33 ml). The white solid was filtered off and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Crude was dissolved in diethyl ether (200 ml) and extracted with 1N HCl (3×100 ml). The aqueous solution was treated with 32% sodium hydroxide and extracted with diethyl ether (3×100 ml). The organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure yielding 12.7 g (79% yield) of pure 6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenemethanol as thick oil.

¹ H-NMR d 7.90-7.74 (m, 4H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 5.32 (t, 1H, exchange with D₂ O), 4.68 (d, 2H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 2.52 (q, 4H), 1.01 (t, 6H).

C. A solution of 6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalene-methanol (12.5 g, 51 mmol) and N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (13.2 g, 51 mmol) in acetonitrile (250 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, then the solvent was removed and the crude was dissolved in THF (110 ml). This solution was added to a solution of 4-amino benzoic acid (7.1 g, 51 mmol) and sodium carbonate (5.5 g, 51 mmol) in water (200 ml) and THF (100 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then THF was removed under reduced pressure and the solution was treated with 1N HCl (102 ml, 102 mmol). The precipitate was filtered, dried under reduced pressure, tritured in diethyl ether and filtered yielding 13.2 g (yield 64%) of pure 4-[6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphth-2-ylmethyloxycarbamoyl]-benzoic acid; m.p.=201-205° C. (dec.)

¹ H-NMR d 10.26 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.75 (m, 6H), 7.63 (m, 3H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 2.98 (q, 4H), 1.24 (t, 6H).

D. A solution of 4-[6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphth-2-ylmethyloxycarbamoyl]benzoic acid (13.1 g, 32 mmol) and thionyl chloride (7 ml, 96 mmol) in chloroform (300 ml) was refluxed for 4 hours, then the solvent and thionyl chloride were evaporated. Crude was dissolved in chloroform (100 ml) and evaporated to dryness three times. Crude was added as solid to a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.7 g, 39 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (5.4 g, 64 mmol) and 1N sodium hydroxide (39 ml, 39 mmol) in water (150 ml) and THF (50 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then THF was removed under reduced pressure and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 ml). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Crude was dissolved in THF and treated with a 1.5 N etheric solution of HCl. The solid product was filtered and dried yielding 6 g (yield 41%) of pure 4-[6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphth-2-ylmethyloxycarbamoyl]benzohydroxamic acid hydrochloride as white solid; m.p.=162-165° C., (dec.)

¹ H-NMR d 11.24 (s, 1H, exchange with D₂ O), 10.88 (s, 1H, exchange with D₂ O), 10.16 (s, 1H), 8.98 (bs, 1H, exchange with D₂ O), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.10-7.97 (m, 3H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.80-7.55 (m, 5H), 5.39 (s, 2H), 4.48 (d, 2H), 3.09 (m, 4H), 1.30 (t, 6H).

http://www.molbase.com/

Some nmr predictions

CAS NO. 497833-27-9, [6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate H-NMR spectral analysis

13 C NMR PREDICTIONS

COSY NMR.....http://www.nmrdb.org/

HMBC /HSQC

NMR spectra of reference

· 1H NMR prediction

· 13C NMR prediction

· COSY prediction

· HSQC/HMBC prediction

· All predictions

References

 1

• World Health Organization (2010). "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended INN: List 63". WHO Drug Information 24 (1): 58–9.
• 2
• National Cancer Institute (2010). "Gavinostat". NCI Cancer Dictionary. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
• 3
• "Search results for ITF2357". ClinicalTrials.gov.
• 4
• Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (23 February 2010). "Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: Givinostat for the treatment of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis". European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
• 5
• Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (3 March 2010). "Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: Givinostat for the treatment of polycythaemia vera". European Medicines Agency.
• 6
• WO patent application 1997/043251, "Compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities", published 1997-11-20, assigned to Italfarmaco S.p.A.
• 7
• Leoni F, Fossati G. (2005). "The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo". Molecular Medicine 11: 1. doi:10.2119/2006-00005.Dinarello. PMID 16557334.
• 8
• Tan J, Cang S, Ma Y, Petrillo RL, Liu D (2010). "Novel histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical trials as anti-cancer agents". Journal of Hematology & Oncology 3: 5. doi:10.1186/1756-8722-3-5. PMID 20132536. Review.
• 9
• Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Pieri L, Antonioli E, Bosi A (2009). "Treatment options for essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera." Expert Review of Hematology 2 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1586/17474086.2.1.41. Review.
• 
  

10. Guerini V, Barbui V, Spinelli O, et al. (April 2008). "The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 selectively targets cells bearing mutated JAK2(V617F)". Leukemia 22 (4): 740–7. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2405049. PMID 18079739.

Further reading

• Job-Deslandre, C (January 2007). "Idiopathic juvenile-onset systemic arthritis". Orphanet. Orphan number: ORPHA85414.

US6034096

12 May 1997

7 Mar 2000

Italfarmaco S.P.A.

Compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US8518988 *	3 Dec 2010	27 Aug 2013	Chemi Spa	Polymorph of the hydrochloride of the (4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid (6-dimethylamino methyl-2-naphthalenyl) ester
US20120302633 *	3 Dec 2010	29 Nov 2012	Chemi Spa	Novel polymorph of the hydrochloride of the (4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid (6-dimethylamino methyl-2-naphthalenyl) ester
WO2011092556A1	3 Dec 2010	4 Aug 2011	Chemi Spa	Novel polymorph of the hydrochloride of the (4-hydroxycarbamoyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid (6-dimethylamino methyl-2-naphtalenyl) ester

Givinostat

Systematic (IUPAC) name
{6-[(diethylamino)methyl]naphthalen-2-yl}methyl [4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	—
Legal status	Investigational Orphan status in EU for sJIA
Routes	Oral
Identifiers
CAS number	497833-27-9
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 9804992
ChemSpider	7980752
UNII	5P60F84FBH
Chemical data
Formula	C24H27N3O4
Molecular mass	421.489 g/mol

Map for Italfarmaco S.P.A.

 

Italfarmaco S.p.A.
Stato	Italia
Tipo	Società per azioni
Fondazione	1938 a Milano
Fondata da	Gastone De Santis
Sede principale	Milano
Filiali	Spagna -  Portogallo  Grecia -  Russia  Cile -  Brasile  Turchia
Persone chiave	Francesco De Santis, [Presidente Holding]
Settore	sanità
Prodotti	Farmaci
Fatturato	>500 milioni di Euro (gruppo) (2011)
Dipendenti	>1900 (gruppo) (2011)
Sito web	www.italfarmaco.com

MILAN ITALY



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