Toremifene

2-[4-[(Z)-4-chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine

(Z)-2-[4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine

(Z)-4-Chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-butene

(Z)-Toremifene

2-({4-[(1Z)-4-chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl]phenyl}oxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine

4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N ,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-butene

Toremifene; Acapodene; Farestone; Z-Toremifene; Toremifeno; Toremifenum

Molecular Formula:	C26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight:	405.95962 g/mol

cas 89778-26-7

Launched – 1988.Orion (FI), greast cancer

1. Citrate, Toremifene, GTx-006
   NK-622
   • 89778-27-8
   • 
2. Fareston
3. FC 1157a
4. FC-1157a
5. FC1157a
6. Toremifene
7. Toremifene Citrate
8. Toremifene Citrate (1:1)
9. Toremifene, (E)-Isomer
10. • C₂₆H₂₈ClNO · C₆H₈O₇
    • Molecular Weight 598.08Toremifene Citrate

Toremifene is a first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.
The company GTx is conducting phase III clinical trials for the prevention of prostate cancer in men who have been diagnosed with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
Toremifene citrate is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which helps oppose the actions of estrogen in the body. Licensed in the United States under the brand name Fareston, toremifene citrate is FDA-approved for use in advanced (metastatic)breast cancer. It is also being evaluated for prevention of prostate cancer under the brand name Acapodene.^[1]

In 2007 the pharmaceutical company GTx, Inc was conducting two different phase 3 clinical trials; First, a pivotal Phase clinical trial for the treatment of serious side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (especially vertebral/spine fractures and hot flashes, lipid profile, and gynecomastia) for advanced prostate cancer, and second, a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for the prevention of prostate cancer in high risk men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or PIN. Results of these trials are expected by first quarter of 2008^[2]
An NDA for the first application (relief of prostate cancer ADT side effects) was submitted in Feb 2009,^[3] and in Oct 2009 the FDA said they would need more clinical data, e.g. another phase III trial.^[4]
Originally developed at Orion, toremifene was subsequently licensed to Nippon Kayaku in Japan and to Asta Medica (now, part of Meda) in Germany.

Synthesis

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PATENT
http://www.google.com/patents/CN104230723A?cl=en
Toremifene (Toremifene), chemical name (Z) -4- chloro-1,2-diphenyl–1- [4- (2- (N, N- dimethylamino) ethoxy yl) phenyl] -1-butene, having the structure I.Toremifene to tamoxifen (Tamoxifen) analogues with anti-estrogenic activity, can be used in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, and its E-isomer has the presence of estrogenic activity, E isomers toremifene may counteract anti-estrogenic activity, and therefore isomeric purity is essential toremifene.Toremifene was developed in 1983 by the Finnish Famos company, listed in 1996 by the Orion company in the EU, the trade name Fareston, 2002 to enter the country, the trade name of toremifene.

RJ Toivola et al., European Patent EP95875, disclosed in U.S. Patent US4696949A synthetic route toremifene, that following a synthetic route, the synthetic route to phenol as a raw material, by acylation, rearrangement, alkyl group and an addition reaction to give 1,2-diphenyl -1- [4- [2- (N, N- dimethylamino) ethoxyphenyl]] – 1,4-diol (Compound 5) as the key intermediate, further HCl in ethanol or hydrochloric acid elimination reaction occurs, then get toremifene thionyl chloride reaction. The main problem with this approach is that the elimination reaction of the compound 5 in ethanol occurs when hydrochloric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid, the resulting triaryl alcohol butyrate (Compound 6) having a Z / E configuration, both the ratio of 1: 2 ~ 2: 1, stereo selectivity is not high, and there are 5% of the cyclization by-product; on the Z / E configuration Miyoshi butyric fractional crystallization of alcohol, you can get pure Z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol , but the yield is only 41%; then, Z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol chlorination reaction occurs in the action of thionyl chloride, the purified product toremifene.

 U.S. Patent US5491173A also reported another synthetic route toremifene namely the following two synthetic routes. The route to the aryl ketone (Compound 7) with a phenyl Grignard reagent addition reaction of ketone carbonyl groups to give triaryl-butanediol (compound 5), which is the elimination of toremifene and chlorinated reaction products happen again.

 Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1125716A application reported an efficient synthesis of Z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol (compound 6) method, US4696949A compared with the US patent, the method mild conditions, reduce the acid concentration and reaction temperature, reaction time, triarylphosphine butanediol (Compound 5) in concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated hydrochloric isopropanol or ethanol effect of concentrated hydrochloric acid, can be 60-78% selectivity and 95% yield of type 2 Miyoshi butyric alcohol But after Publication No. 0 02,126,969 attached eight patent applications after the inventor repeated experiments show that the technique disclosed in the patent application programs can not achieve their claimed technical effect.
 Publication No. CN102126969A of Chinese patent applications through the intermediate Miyoshi butyric alcohol occurs at a catalytic converter configuration of concentrated hydrochloric acid, while taking advantage of differences in solubility, so E- type Miyoshi butyric alcohol continuously into Z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol (compound 6) precipitates, thereby undermining the balance, so that one of the E-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol continuously into Z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol (compound 6) to give the Z-Miyoshi butyric alcohol ( Compound 6) and then get toremifene thionyl chloride after chlorination. Although to some extent, improve the yield, but increased operating procedure, is not conducive to industrial production.
Currently, the key intermediate is patent protected, and z-type Miyoshi butyric alcohol (compound 6) stereoselective low yield and isolated intermediates, to solve this problem, to overcome technical barriers to foreign pharmaceutical companies, urgent need to find a simple process, low cost, easy to separate and viable for large-scale production of synthetic routes.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of synthesizing toremifene, synthetic method comprising: a step S1, so that a compound having the structural formula II with a compound B having the structural formula III C occurs Mike Murray to give compound D having the structural formula IV; step S2, the Compound D and Compound E or Compound E of the hydrochloride salt of the formula V having a phenolic hydroxyl group on the occurrence of a selective alkylation reaction, to give a compound having the structural formula VI F; step S3, the compound F is reacted with thionyl chloride to give toremifene, wherein,
 Formula II is:

Structural formula III as follows:

Formula IV is

Of formula V is C1CH2CH2N (CH 3) 2; formula VI is

FIG. 1 illustrates the present invention obtained in Example 1 H NMR spectrum of compound D of implementation;

FIG. 2 shows the 1 H NMR spectrum of the present invention, the compound obtained in Example F;

FIG. 3 shows the present invention is a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of toremifene obtained in Example.

Figure 1, which shows a spectrum of results for Che bandit? (400 cm take, 01 ^ 0) 3 = 9.20 (! 8,1 1), 7.37 (^ = 7.4 to take, 2 1!), 7.30- 7. 23 (m, 3H), 1.22- 7. 15 (m, 2H), 7. 15 – 7. 06 ( m, 3H), 6. 61 (dd, J = 9. 0, 2. 2Hz, 2H), 6. 49 -. 6. 32 (m, 2H), 4 48 (s, 1H), 3 30 (. m, 2H), 2 55 (t, J = 7. 5Hz, 2H);. F proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the compound attached to the
Figure 2, showing spectrum results Che NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ = 7. 36 (d, J = 7. 3Hz, 2H), 7. 31 – 7. 25 (m, 3H), 7. 21 – 7. 10 (m, 5H), 6. 75 – 6. 69 (m , 2H), 6. 59 (d, J = 8. 8Hz, 2H), 4. 49 (s, 1H), 3. 88 (t, J = 5. 8Hz, 2H), 3. 31 (d, J = 4. 3Hz, 2H), 2. 57 (t, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 2.52 (t, J = 4.6Hz, 2H), 2 15 (s, 6H);.
Tommy remifentanil NMR hydrogen spectrum in Figure 3 attached, showing spectrum results Che NMR (400MHz, CDC13) δ = 7. 41 -. 7. 33 (m, 2H), 7 29 (dt, J = 7. 1, 2. 9Hz, 3H), 7. 20 (dd, J = 10. 0, 4. 3Hz, 2H), 7. 13 (dd, J = 7. 1, 4. 3Hz, 3H), 6.87- 6. 72 (m, 2H), 6. 57 (dd, J = 6. 8, 4. 8Hz, 2H), 3. 92 (t, J = 5. 8Hz, 2H), 3. 41 (t, J = 7. 5Hz, 2H), 2. 92 (t, J = 7. 5Hz, 2H), 2. 63 (t, J = 5. 8Hz, 2H), 2. 28 (s, 6H).
The synthetic routes above synthetic method are as follows:

Synthesis of toremifene:
To a 2L reaction flask 1. 1L of toluene, 110g (0. 28mol) obtained in the above step Z configuration compound F, mixed to obtain a sixth system, the cooling system to the sixth mixed 0~5 ° C , was slowly added dropwise 99. 93g (0. 84mol) thionyl chloride addition was complete the formation of the seventh mixed system, the mixed system was slowly warmed to a seventh ll〇 ° C, for 1 hour to obtain a third product system, stop The third product heating and cooling system to 15~25 ° C, the third product system slowly poured into 1L of water, adding NaOH solution to a pH 9~10 and get the second system, the second in and a system for liquid separation, and the resulting aqueous phase to obtain a second solution was extracted with 1L toluene extraction, the organic phase of the second extraction solution and liquid separation were combined and concentrated to give crude toremifene, the crude product was mass ratio of 1 : mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and acetone 1 crystals to give 103. 7g toremifene products.
Synthesis of toremifene:
[0062] To a 5L reaction flask 3. 3L of toluene, 110g (0. 28mol) obtained in the above step Z configuration compound F, mixed to obtain a sixth system, the cooling system to the sixth mixed 0~5 ° C , was slowly added dropwise 33. 31g (0. 28mol) thionyl chloride addition was complete the formation of the seventh mixed system, the mixed system was slowly warmed to a seventh ll〇 ° C, after the reaction for 6 hours to obtain a third product system, stop The third product heating and cooling system to 15~25 ° C, the third product system slowly poured into 1L of water, potassium carbonate solution to a pH 9~10 and get the second system, the second and system for liquid separation, and the resulting aqueous phase to obtain a second solution was extracted with 1L ethyl acetate, the organic phase after the second extraction solution and liquid separation were combined and concentrated to give crude toremifene, the crude product was quality ratio was crystallized from acetone to give 92. 2g toremifene products.
Purity of toremifene following method:
[0107] to take the product, add the mobile phase dissolved and diluted into 1ml of 1. Omg solution containing, according to HPLC octadecylsilane bonded silica as a filler to square 1% trifluoroacetic acetic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase gradient elution (T = Omin 10% B; T = lOmin 95% B; T = 12min 100% B; T = 15min 10% B), detection wavelength 210nm; area normalization method to calculate the Z configuration purity compound F, where F Z configuration compound retention time of 6. 76min. The purity of the above calculation or Z configuration detection obtained compound D, compound D Z configuration and E configuration of the weight ratio, toremifene yield and purity are reported in Table 1 below.
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PATENT
http://www.google.com/patents/US5491173
c) 4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N ,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-butene (Z and E)
(Z)-isomer: The reaction is performed under dry conditions. 42.4 g of (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino )ethoxy]phenyl]-1-buten-4-ol are dissolved in 250 ml of chloroform. Then 23.8 g of thionyl chloride areadded dropwise. The mixture is refluxed 3 h. The solvent is evaporated, after which the product is recrystallized from ethyl acetate. The yield ofthe hydrochloride salt is 36.7 g (83%), m.p. 194°-6° C. The base can be liberated from the Salt with 1M sodium carbonate solution, after which the base is extracted in toluene. The toluene solution is dried and the solvent is evaporated. The free base has m.p. 108°-10° C. (from acetone).
¹ H-NMR-spectrum (CDCl₃): δ 2.27 (6H, s), 2.63 (2H, t), 2.91 (2H, t), 3.41 (2H, t), 3.92 (2H, t), 6.54 (2H, d), 6.79 (2H. d), 7.15(5H, s), 7.31 (5H, s). MS: m/z 405/407 (M⁺, 7/3), 72 (20), 58 (100).
The citric acid salt can be prepared as follows: 40.6 g of the (Z)-isomer as a free base are dissolved in 175 ml of warm acetone and 24.3 g of citric acid are dissolved in 100 ml of warm acetone. The solutions are combined and the mixture is allowed to cool. The citrate, m.p. 160°-162° C., is collected by filtration.
(E)-isomer: The compound is prepared from (E)-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N ,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-buten-4-ol in the same manner as the corresponding (Z)-isomer. The hydrochloride salt is crystallized from toluene. The yield is 35.8 g (81%) of a product having m.p. 183°-5° C. The base can be liberated from the salt in the same manner as the corresponding (Z)-isomer. It has m.p. 69°-71° C. (from hexane).
¹ H-NMR-spectrum (CDCl₃): b 2.34 (6H, s), 2.74 (2H, t), 2.97 (2H,t), 3.43 (2H, t), 4.08 (2H, t), 6.80-7.30 (14H, m).
MS: m/z 405/407 (M⁺, 7/3) 72 (19) 58 (100)

EXAMPLE 4
4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N ,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl ]-1-butene (Z and E)
43.3 g of 1,2-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]butane-1,4-diol (pureenantiomer pairs or their mixture: m.p. of (RR,SS)-pair is 107°-9° C.)is suspended in 250 ml of toluene, after which 25ml toluene is distilled off to dry the solution. The mixture is cooled to 0° C. with stirring. While stirring and keeping the temperature at 0° C. or a little below, 47.6 g of thionyl chloride of good qualityare added. The mixture is stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and the temperature is then allowed to rise to 22° C. The mixture is stirred at 80° C. until the reaction is completed (about 3 h). After that, water is added to decompose the excess of thionyl chloride followed by 20% sodium hydroxide solution to liberate the product from itshydrochloride salt. The aqueous layer is discarded and the toluene layer iswashed with water. Then the solvent is evaporated to leave a mixture of (Z)- and (E)isomers (Z:E 7:3) as an oil in quantitative yield.
(Z)-isomer: The (Z)-isomer is isolated from the isomer mixture above as thehydrochloride salt because of the low melting point of the free base. The m.p. of the hydrochloride salt is 178°-80° C. The (Z)-isomermay be freed from its salt by any normal method.
¹ H-NMR-spectrum (CDCl₃): δ 1.01 (6H, t), 2.57 (4H, q), 2.77 (2H, t), 2.91 t), 3.41 (2H, t), 3.90 t), 6.53 (2H, d), 6.78 (2H, d), 7.15 (5H, s), 7.31 (5H, s). (E)-isomer:
¹ H-NMR-spectrum (CDCl₃): δ 1.07 (6H, t), 2.66 (4H, q), 2.89 (2H, t), 2.97 (2H, t), 3.42 (2H, t), 4.07 (2H, t), 6.90-7.20 (10H, m).
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SEE
http://www.google.co.ug/patents/EP0095875B1?cl=en
………….

http://www.intechopen.com/books/topics-on-drug-metabolism/electrochemical-methods-for-the-in-vitro-assessment-of-drug-metabolism

References

1.  Price N, Sartor O, Hutson T, Mariani S. Role of 5a-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators as potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer 2005;3:211-4. PMID 15882476
2.  “GTx’s Phase III Clinical Development of ACAPODENE on Course Following Planned Safety Review” (Press release). GTx Inc. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
3.  “GTx Announces Toremifene 80 mg NDA Accepted for Review by FDA” (Press release).
4.  “GTx and Ipsen End Prostate Cancer Collaboration due to Costs of FDA-Requested Phase III Study”. 2 Mar 2011

Toremifene

Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-{4-[(1Z)-4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-N,N-dimethylethanamine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a608003
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	more than 99.5%
Biological half-life	5 days
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	89778-26-7
ATC code	L02BA02
PubChem	CID: 3005573
IUPHAR/BPS	4325
DrugBank	DB00539
ChemSpider	2275722
UNII	7NFE54O27T
KEGG	D08620
ChEBI	CHEBI:9635
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1655
Chemical data
Formula	C26H28ClNO
Molecular mass	405.959 g/mol

Patent	Submitted	Granted
Triphenylalkene derivatives and their use as selective estrogen receptor modulators [US6576645]		2003-06-10
Combination therapy for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive disease [US2002119502]	2002-08-29
Triphenylalkene derivatives and their use as selective estrogen receptor modulators [US6875775]	2003-12-04	2005-04-05
Combination therapy for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive disease [US2005176691]	2005-08-11
Anti-IGFR1 antibody therapeutic combinations [US8017735]	2005-06-23	2011-09-13
Combination therapy for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive disease [US2005228053]	2005-10-13
Combination therapy for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive drugs [US2005232862]	2005-10-20
Toremifene crystallization method [US7368607]	2007-04-26	2008-05-06
Platinum therapeutic combinations [US2006205810]	2006-09-14
Methods and compositions for treating or preventing cancer [US2006233810]	2006-10-19

from PubChem……….https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3005573#section=Depositor-Supplied-Patent-Identifiers

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