Fast 2D NMR for Kinetic Studies

Fast 2D NMR for Kinetic Studies

2D COSY NMR made fast enough to follow the kinetics of organic reactions and identify intermediates
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LAMOTRIGINE

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http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/11/12/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD-lamotrigine/

Lamotrigine

CAS r: 84057-84-1

CAS Name: 6-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine

Additional Names: 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine; LTG

Manufacturers’ Codes: BW-430C

Trademarks: Lamictal (GSK)

Molecular Formula: C9H7Cl2N5

Molecular Weight: 256.09

Percent Composition: C 42.21%, H 2.76%, Cl 27.69%, N 27.35%

Literature References: Prepn: M. G. Baxter et al., EP 21121 (1981 to Wellcome Foundation); D. A. Sawyer et al., US 4602017(1986).

HPLC determn in plasma: C.-L. Cheng et al., J. Chromatogr. B 817, 199 (2005).

Anticonvulsant activity: A. A. Miller et al.,Epilepsia 27, 483 (1986).

Mechanism of action studies: M. J. Leach et al., ibid. 490; X. Xie, R. M. Hagan,Neuropsychobiology 38,119 (1998).

Series of articles on clinical pharmacology, antiepileptic efficacy and safety:Epilepsia 32, Suppl. 2, S1-S21 (1991).

Clinical trial in bipolar depression: J. R. Calabrese et al., J. Clin. Psychiatry 60,79 (1999). Review of clinical experience in epilepsy: H. Choi, M. J. Morrell,Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 4, 243-251 (2003); in bipolar disorder: Z. Bhagwagar, G. M. Goodwin,Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 6, 1401-1408 (2005).

Properties: White to pale cream-colored powder. Crystals from isopropanol, mp 216-218° (uncorr). pKa 5.7. Soly at 25° (mg/ml): water 0.17; 0.1M HCl 4.1. LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 250, >640 orally (Sawyer).

Melting point: mp 216-218° (uncorr)

pKa: pKa 5.7

Toxicity data: LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 250, >640 orally (Sawyer)

Therap-Cat: Anticonvulsant. In treatment of bipolar depression.

Keywords: Anticonvulsant.

PATENT NO	EXPIRY DATE
5698226*PED	Jul 29, 2012

 NMR, IMPURITIES, MASS, IR ETC…………..http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4518/9/09_chapter%202.pdf

AND

http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol4Issue1/2904.pdf

EXAMPLES

Procedure I

To a round bottomed flask was added aminoguanidine hydrochloride (116.1 g, 1.05 mol) and dimethylformamide (900 mL). To this mixture was added methanesulfonic acid (130.4 g, 1.36 mol) followed by adding 2,3- dichlorobenzoylcyanide (150.0 g, 0.75 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then the dehydrating reagent, thionyl chloride, (45.2g, 0.38 mol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for another hour and then basified with KOH solution (4N). The precipitate was filtered and washed with water.

Yield: 401.3 g damp cake (KF = 39.2%).

Analytically pure sample of the intermediate is prepared as following:

20.0 g of the damp cake was suspended in 60 ml MeOH and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solid was filtered and dried in vacuum at room temperature to give 5.4 g analytic pure iminoguanidine as a yellow solid.

m.p.: 179 ~ 180° C (corrected).

MS (m/z): 256.3 [M+] IR: 3491.8; 3457.1 (Amine N-H stretching); 2207.5 (CN stretching); 1681.9 (Imine C=N stretching); 1055.5 (Caryi-Cl stretching).

Η-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-D6): 7.66 (ad, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 7.9; 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (br s, NH2).

^C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-D6): 163.6, 135.3, 132.4, 130.0, 129.5, 129.0, 128.2, 114.4, 113.8.

Elemental analysis: C H N

Calculated: 42.21 2.76 27.35

Found: 42.10 2.49 27.69

Procedure II:

A round bottomed flask was charged with iminoguanidine (401.3 g from procedure I), isopropanol (1000.0 ml) and KOH (85%, 12.0 g, 0.18 mol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. Isopropanol was distilled and water (800 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours, the solid was filtered and washed with water. The damp cake is dried under vacuum to yield 168.5 grams of lamotrigine monohydrate as crystalline solid (82% based on 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide).

Procedure III (without isolation of intermediate of formula IV):

To a round bottomed flask was added aminoguanidine hydrochloride (116.1 g, 1.05 mol) and dimethylformamide (900 ml). To this mixture was added methanesulfonic acid (130.4 g, 1.36 mol) followed by 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide (150.0 g, 0.75 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then dehydrating reagent thionyl chloride (45.2g, 0.38 mol) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for another hour and then basified with KOH solution (4 N). The Reaction mixture was heated under reflux (100 ~ 105° C) for 3 ~ 4 hours and cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was filtered and washed with water. After drying, 160.7g of lamotrigine monohydrate as a crystalline solid (78% based on 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide) was obtained.

See also FIG. 1, 2, 3.

Karl Fischer (water content): 5.92 – 6.03%

DSC: 106.86, 216.65° C (onset).

MS (m/z): 256.3 [M+]

IR: 3496.9; 3450.3; 3338.5; 3211.0; 1658.7; 1524.0; 1328.8; 1027.1.

iH-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-D6): 7.66 (ad, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 7.9; 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (br s, NH2).

13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-D6): 163.6, 135.3, 132.4, 130.0, 129.5, 129.0, 128.2, 114.4, 113.8.

Procedure IV (preparation of anhydrous lamotrigine from lamotrigine monohydrate):

150 g lamotrigine monohydrate (from procedure II or III) was recrystallized in 900 mL isopropanol giving 132 g (94%) of anhydrous lamotrigine as a crystalline solid.

See also FIG. 4, 5, 6.

m.p.: 216 – 217° C (corrected).

MS (m/z): 256.3 [M+]

Η-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-D6): 7.69 (dd, J = 1.7; 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J = 7.9; 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J = 1.7; 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (br s, NH2), 6.44 (br s, NH2).

13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-D6): 162.1, 154.1, 138.3, 136.8, 132.0, 131.6, 130.6, 128.5. Elemental analysis: C H N

Calculated: 42.21 2.76 27.35

Found: 42.10 2.58 27.46

 http://www.google.com/patents/WO2003078407A1?cl=en

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Pranlukast

PRANLUKAST

Antiasthmatic.

• Benzamide, N-(4-oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-4-(4-phenylbutoxy)-
•  N-(4-Oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-p-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide
• 4-Oxo-8-(4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzoylamino)-2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran
• N-(4-Oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-p-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide

Launched – 1995 japan

hemihydrate, 103177-37-3 anhydrous, 103180-28-5 (monosodium salt)

150821-03-7, C27 H23 N5 O4 . H2O, 499.5179

Ono-1078
Ono-RS-411
RS-411
SB-205312
Ono-1070 (monosodium salt)

 Ultair; Ono-1078; HY-B0290;

• Azlaire
• CCN 00401
• ONO 1078
• ONO-1078
• ONO-RS 411
• Pranlukast
• RS 411
• SB 205312
• UNII-TB8Z891092

N-[4-Oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide hemihydrate

Ono (Originator)Schering-Plough (Licensee)

This is described in…………

J Med Chem 1988, 31(1): 84,

WO 2010002075,

Synth Commun 1997, 27(6): 1065,

WO 1994012492

Leukotriene antagonist.

Prepn: M. Toda et al., EP 173516; eidem, US 4780469 (1986, 1988 both to Ono);

H. Nakai et al., J. Med. Chem. 31, 84 (1988).

Pharmacology: T. Obata et al., Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res. 15, 229 (1985); idem et al., ibid. 17,540 (1987).

Clinical evaluations in asthma: Y. Taniguchi et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 92, 507 (1993); H. Yamamoto et al. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 150, 254 (1994).

AU 8546462; EP 0173516; JP 8650977; US 4780469; US 4939141

Pranlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. It antagonizes or reduces bronchospasm caused, principally in asthmatics, by an allergic reaction to accidentally or inadvertently encountered allergens.

 Pranlukast

Pranlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. This drug works similarly to Merck & Co.‘s Singulair (montelukast). It is widely used in Japan.

synthesis
http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/10/21/pranlukast/

………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010002075A1?cl=en

Pranlukast and its hydrates come into the market as a capsule of Onon® Cap. (112.5 mg pranlukast hydrates/capsule, Dong-A Pharmaceutical).

The conventional method for preparing pranlukast was disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,587,483 and pranlukart is prepared by the following reaction formula I.

Reaction Formula I

As described in the reaction formula I, the acid chloride represented by formula 11 is obtained by reacting the benzoic derivative of formula 10 with the thionyl chloride. The resulting compound is reacted with the compound represented by formula 4. The compound (n = 4) represented by formula 5 is reacted with the tetrazol derivative represented by formula 6 to introduce tetrazol group and then benzopyran ring is formed, preparing pranlukast. However, the preparation method according to the reaction formula I has quite a few problems: (a) difficult manipulation due to utilizing excess amounts of toxic thionyl chlorides around a reflux temperature when the acid chloride represented by formula 11 is obtained by reacting the benzoic derivative of formula 10 with the thionyl chloride;

(b) hard elimination of thionyl chlorides toxic in a body after terminating the reactions; (c) requirement of base in an equivalent ratio of above 4 to collect the compound represented by formula 7; (d) unsuitability of massive production in a economical area because the compound is modified into a form of natrium salt and then purified for removal of contaminants after preparing pranlukart.

On the other hand, as described in the following reaction formula II in US Pat. No. 5,874,593, nitril compounds of formula 8 are reacted with hydrazine to prepare amidrazone compounds of formula 9a and 9b, and then pranlukart is fabricated by performing a tetrazol ring reaction using nitrous acids.

Reaction Formula II

However, the preparation method according to the reaction formula II has also the following difficulties: (a) it is difficult to perform the method due to utilizing excess amounts of toxic thionyl chlorides around a reflux temperature to obtain the acid chloride derivative in the preparation of the compounds represented by formula 8; (b) it is very difficult and toxic in body to eliminate thionyl chlorides after terminating the reactions; (c) it is not easy to massively produce the compounds of interest in an industrial-scale because much hydrazine toxic in body and nitrogen oxides harmful in environment are generated and unstable nitrous acids are used during the reactions.

Likewise, US Pat. No. 5,874,593, as described in the following reaction formula III, discloses that benzoic derivatives of formula 10′ are reacted with oxalyl chlorides to isolate acid chlorides represented by formula 11′, and the resulting acid chlorides are reacted with benzopyran amine derivatives containing tetrazol of formula 12, producing various derivatives containing pranlukart.

Reaction Formula III

( I D’ ] (H ‘ )

Oxalyl chlorides are massively used because the preparation method according to the reaction formula III is very expensive cost and has highly hygroscopic characteristics. In addition, the method has to be carried out under violent conditions that the temperature is increased up to around reflux temperature using 1,2- dichloroethanol as a solvent and further reacted for 1 hr. It is also difficult to remove harmful carbon monoxide and chlorine gases massively generated in elimination of oxalyl chloride after terminating the reactions, and it is not feasible to be applied into an industrial mass-production because the reaction is carried out under conditions of anhydrous and inactive gases

EXAMPLE 1: Preparation of Pranlukart Hemihydrates 4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzoic acid (29.1 g; 1.1 equivalent ratio; prepared according to the method disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,780,469) was dissolved in 80 ml dimethylacetamide (DMAC, Aldrich) at 00C and then thionyl chloride (14.2 g, 1.2 equivalent ratio, Aldrich) was gradually added to the solution. After the mixture solution was stirred for 10 min at 00C, the mixture of 8-amino-4-oxo-tetrazol-5-yl-4H- 1-benzopyran hydrochloride salt (26.7 g; 1 equivalent ratio; prepared according to the method disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,780,469) and triethylamine (TEA, 10.1 g, 1 equivalent ratio, Aldrich) dissolved in 80 ml dimethylacetamide (DMAC, Aldrich) was slowly added to the mixture solution, and thermally stirred for 5 hrs at 25°C.

The reaction mixture was mixed with 300 ml H2O and stirred for 1 hr at 250C. The solid material obtained by filtering the solid material produced was washed with 100 ml H2O. 200 ml 50% acetone aqueous solution was added to the solid material and then refluxed for 1 hr. After the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and air-dried, the mixture was kept to stand on air for 5 hrs, obtaining 47.0 g pranlukart hemihydrates (yield rate: 98%): melting point 231-233°C (decomposition); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) δ 1.9 (m, 4H), 2,7 (m, 2H), 4.0 (t, 2H), 7.0 (s, 2H), 7.1 (s, IH), 7.2-7.3 (m, 5H), 7.6 (t, IH), 7.9 (t, IH), 8.0 (m, 2H), 8.3 (t, IH), 10.0 (bs, IH).

DIISOPROPYLAMINE SPECTROSCOPY TAUGHT BY MOM, AUNT

MOM

DIISOPROPYLAMINE

C6H15N

MW 101

the degree of unsaturation: the answer is 0. The molecule has no double bonds or rings.

IR Spectrum

Since the molecule has a nitrogen, look for a band in the region 3400-3250 – there is a single small band at 3384, which probably indicates the N-H stretch of a secondary amine. (Recall that tertiary amines will not show a band in this region because they do not have any N-H’s to stretch.)

NMR Spectrum

Diisopropylamine(108-18-9)1HNMR

Amine protons show up from 0.5-3.0 ppm if the amine is not on an aromatic ring; the small “buried” peak at 1 ppm indicates a secondary amine peak:

There are only two other types of protons in the molecule: the doublet at 1 ppm indicates 12 hydrogens adjacent to one hydrogen and the septet at 2.9 ppm indicates 2 hydrogens adjacent to 6 hydrogens. The only way the molecule can be “put together” is to have each R group coming off the nitrogen to be the same, and to be -CH(CH3)2.

13C NMR

MASS

Summary

Example is diisopropylamine:

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 ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

PIOGLITAZONE

Pioglitazone

5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)-ethoxy]phenyl] methyl]- 2,4- thiazolidinedione

5-{4-[2-(5-Ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2,4-thiazolidene dione

cas  111025-46-8

 5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione

Additional Names: (±)-5-[p-[2-(ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/10/11/pioglitazone/

US 2014088127

http://www.google.com/patents/US20140088127

5-[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione (Pioglitazone hydrochloride, R in 1 is 5-ethyl).

EXAMPLE 55

5-{4-[2-(5-Ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2,4-thiazolidene dione (1)

To 5 g (0.0121 mol) of 5-{4-[2-chloro-2-(5-ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2,4-thiazolidene dione dissolved in 25 mL acetic acid was added 1.62 (0.0243 mol) g zinc in 5 min. Stirring continued for 15 hours at 25-30° C. Reaction mixture was poured in excess water, made alkaline using 10% Na2CO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate. After distilling off ethyl acetate in vacuo, methanol was added to precipitate out 1.13 g (25%) g of the crystalline solid product. The two impurities identified in this reaction were 5-ethyl-2-vinyl-pyridine 0.128 g (10%) and 5-(4-hydroxy benzyl)-thiazolidin-2,4-dione 0.342 g (12%).

The product obtained was characterized by IR, Mass, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR, which are as given below. pioglitazone base

IR spectrum (cm−1): 3417 (N—H str.), 1693, 1743 (C═O str.), 1037 (C—O—C str.)

Mass spectrum (m/z) 357.1 (M+H)+

13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 176.5, 172.5, 157.8, 152.1, 145.9, 142.0, 141.1, 131.2, 129.9, 127.8, 115.2, 66.2, 53.8, 37.0, 33.2, 25.4, 15.5

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 12.0 (1H, s), 6.84-8.71 (7H, m), 4.86 (1H, dd), 4.38 (2H, t), 3.48 (2H, t), 3.25 (1H, dd), 3.04 (1H, dd), 2.75 (2H,q), 1.21 (3H, t)

Melting point 172-175° C.

The final product was dissolved into 12 mL methanol and 0.05 mL con. HCl was added into it at 25° C. Reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 min. and cooled to 10° C. Precipitated hydrochloride salt was filtered off and dried to yield 1.1 g (22%) of the salt, which was characterized by IR, Mass, 13C NMR and 1H NMR, which are as given below.

pioglitazone hydrochloride

IR spectrum (cm−1): 3257 (N—H str.), 1689, 1743 (C═O str.), 1155, 1244 (C—O—C str.)

Mass spectrum (m/z): 357.1 (M+H)+

13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 175.7, 171.7, 157.0, 151.0, 141.1, 129.0, 145.4, 139.8, 127.2, 130.4, 114.4, 65.4, 53.0, 39.2, 36.2, 24.6, 14.6

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 12.09 (1H, s), 6.82-8.7 (7H, m), 4.8 (1H, dd), 4.38 (2H, t), 3.5 (2H, t), 3.0 (2H, m), 2.75 (2H,q), 1.21 (3H, t)

Melting point: 190-193° C.

http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/10/11/pioglitazone/

MITOGLITAZONE

MITOGLITAZONE

MSDC-0160; CAY 10415; 146062-49-9

5-[4-[2-(5-Ethylpyridin-2-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]benzyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione

5-(4-(2-(5-cthylpyridin-2-yl)- 2-oxoethoxy)benzyl)-1,3 -thiazolidiiie-2,4-dione

Pfizer, INNOVATOR  phase 2

MSD-9
MSDC-0160
PNU-91325
U-91325

http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/10/11/mitoglitazone/

J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39 (26), pp 5053–5063

DOI: 10.1021/jm9605694

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm9605694

Pioglitazone (5-(4-(2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy)benzyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione, 2) is a prototypical antidiabetic thiazolidinedione that had been evaluated for possible clinical development. Metabolites 6−9 have been identified after dosing of rats and dogs. Ketone 10has not yet been identified as a metabolite but has been added to the list as a putative metabolite by analogy to alcohol 6and ketone 7. We have developed improved syntheses of pioglitazone (2) metabolites 6−9 and the putative metabolite ketone 10. These entities have been compared in the KKAy mouse model of human type-II diabetes to pioglitazone (2). Ketone 10 has proven to be the most potent of these thiazolidinediones in this in vivo assay. When 6−10 were compared in vitro in the 3T3-L1 cell line to 2, for their ability to augment insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, 10 was again the most potent compound with 6, 7, and 9roughly equivalent to 2. These data suggest that metabolites 6, 7, and 9 are likely to contribute to the pharmacological activity of pioglitazone (2), as had been previously reported for ciglitazone (1).

5-((4-(2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridyl)-1-oxoethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (10). MITOGLITAZONE

free flowing white powdery solid

(mp 146−147 °C):

TLC (Merck; MeOH−CH2Cl2, 5:95, UV(+)) Rf = 0.21;

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ 8.95 (brs, 1), 8.52 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1), 8.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1),

7.70 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1), 7.16 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2), 6.94 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2),

5.62 (s, 2), 4.49 (dd, J = 9.7, 3.8 Hz, 1), 3.47 (dd, J = 14.2, 3.8 Hz, 1),

3.08 (dd, J = 14.2, 9.7 Hz, 1), 2.76 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2), 1.31 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3);

13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ 194.7, 174.1, 170.4, 157.7, 149.7, 148.9, 144.7, 136.3, 130.3, 128.4, 121.9, 115.2, 70.5, 53.7, 37.8, 26.4, 15.0;

EI/MS (70 eV) 370 (M+, 19.4), 341 (6.9), 254 (20.6), 148 (base).

Anal. (C19H18N2O4S) C, H, N, S.

……………………………….

1H NMR PREDICTION 

13C NMR PREDICTION

……………………………

http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/10/11/mitoglitazone/

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