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The development and optimization of two scalable routes to N-methyl-3-bromo-5-methyl pyrazole is described. The initial Sandmeyer route entailed a three-step sequence from crotonitrile and methyl hydrazine, proceeding through the 3-amino pyrazole intermediate. Due to the GTI liability of the 3-amino pyrazole intermediate, a tedious steam-distillation, and <30% overall yield, we developed a second-generation Sandmeyer-free approach from methyl crotonate and methyl hydrazine which leveraged a condensation, bromination, and oxidation sequence. Process development led to the improved preparation of N-methyl-3-bromo-5-methyl pyrazole with increased efficiency and overall yield. The isolation, handling, and storage of the final product was greatly improved through the generation of the triflic acid salt, and salt form studies are also discussed.
aDepartment of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand E-mail:darunee.soo@mahidol.ac.th Fax: +662 354 7151 Tel: +662201 5148
Abstract
The first asymmetric synthesis of ent-fragransin C1 was reported. The key step involves an intramolecular C–O bond formation (furan ring formation) via chemoselective generation of the benzylic carbocation leading to the 2,3-anti-3,4-syn-4,5-anti-tetrahydrofuran moiety as a single diastereomer in good yield. Our synthesis confirms that ent-fragransin C1 possesses 2R,3R,4S,5S configurations.
4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (ent-1). A flame-dried.......................... in vacuo, the crude product was purified by column chromatography (60% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford ent-1 as a sticky brownish oil (15.3 mg, 99% yield) as a single diastereomer (400 MHz 1 H NMR analysis). Rf 0.18 (40% EtOAc in hexanes);
Metal-catalyzed cycloadditions of alkenyldiazo reagents are useful tools to access carbo- and heterocycles.[1] These diazo compounds are chemically sensitive toward both Brønsted orLewis acids. Their reported cycloadditions rely heavily on the formation of metal carbenes to initiate regio- and stereoselective [3+n] cycloadditions (n=2–4) with suitable dipolarophiles.[2–4] A noncarbene route was postulated for a few copper-catalyzed cycloadditions of these diazo species, but they resulted in complete diazo decomposition.[3a, 4a, 5] oyle and co-workers reported[4a] a [3+2] cycloaddition of the alkenylrhodium carbene A with imines to give dihydropyrroles (Scheme 1a). We proposed a cycloaddition the tetrahydroquinoline derivatives 3 and 3’, as well as the tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine species 4. Access to these frameworks are valuable
Access to these frameworks are valuable for the preparation of several bioactive molecules including 2-phenyl-2,3-
dihydroquinolone,[8a] L-689,560,[8b] torcetrapib,[8c] martinellic acid,[8d] OPC-31260,[8e] OPC-51803,[8f] and tetraperalone A (Figure 1).[8g] Their specific biological functions have been well documented.[8]
Spectral data for ethyl 2-diazo-2-(2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl) acetate (2a)
HRMS calcd for C19H19N3O2: 321.1477; found: 321.1483.
Communication
Development of a Povarov Reaction/Carbene Generation Sequence for Alkenyldiazocarbonyl Compounds†
Authors, Appaso Mahadev Jadhav, Vinayak Vishnu Pagar, and Rai-Shung Liu*, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205692
†We thank the National Science Council, Taiwan, for financial support of this work., [*] A. M. Jadhav, V. V. Pagar, Prof. Dr. R.-S. Liu
Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University
Hsinchu (30013) (Taiwan)
E-mail: rsliu@mx.nthu.edu.tw
Abstract
Rings aplenty: A HOTf-catalyzed (Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Povarov reaction of alkenyldiazo species has been developed and delivers diazo-containing cycloadducts stereoselectively (see scheme). The resulting cycloadducts provide access to six- and seven-membered azacycles through the generation of metal carbenes as well as the functionalization of diazo group.
[1] Selected reviews: a) M. P. Doyle,M. A. McKervy, T. Ye, Modern Catalytic Methods for Organic Synthesis with Diazo Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1998; b) A. Padwa, M. D. Weingarten, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 223; c) H. M. L. Davies, J. R. Denton, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 3061; d) M. P. Doyle, R. Duffy, M. Ratnikov, L. Zhou, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 704; e) H. M. L. Davies, D. Morton, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 1857; f) Z. Zhang, J. Wang, Tetrahedron
2008, 64, 6577.
[2] Selected examples for carbocyclic cycloadducts, see: a) L. Deng, A. J. Giessert, O. O. Gerlitz, X. Dai, S. T. Diver, H. M. L. Davies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1342; b) H. M. L. Davies, Adv. Cycloaddit. 1999, 5, 119; c) H. M. L. Davies, B. Xing, N. Kong, D. G. Stafford, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7461; d) H. M. L. Davies, T. J. Clark, H. D. Smith, J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3819; e) Y. Liu, K. Bakshi, P. Zavalij, M. P. Doyle, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4304; f) J. P. Olson, H. M. L. Davies, Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 573.
[3] For oxacyclic cycloadducts, see: a) X. Xu, W.-H. Hu, P. Y. Zavalij, M. P. Doyle, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 11348; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 11152; b) M. P. Doyle, W. Hu, D. J. Timmons, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 3741.
[4] For azacyclic cycloadducts, see selected reviews: a) M. P. Doyle, M. Yan, W. Hu, L. Gronenberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4692; b) J. Barluenga, G. Lonzi, L. Riesgo, L. A. L pez, M. Tomas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13200; c) M. Yan, N. Jacobsen, W. Hu, L. S. Gronenberg, M. P. Doyle, J. T. Colyer, D. Bykowski, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6881; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 6713; d) X.Wang, X. Xu, P. Zavalij, M. P. Doyle, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 16402; e) Y. Lian, H. M. L. Davies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 440; f) X. Xu, M. O. Ratnikov, P. Y. Zavalij, M. P. Doyle, Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 6122; g) V. V. Pagar, A. M. Jadhav, R.-S. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20728; h) R. P. Reddy, H. M. L. Davies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 10312.
[5] Y. Qian, X. Xu, X.Wang, P. Zavalij,W. Hu, M. P. Doyle, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 6002; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5900.
[6] Povarov reactions refer to the formal [4+2] cycloadditions of Naryl imines with enol ethers or enamines. See reviews: a) L. S. Povarov, Russ. Chem. Rev. 1967, 36, 656; b) V. V. Kouznetsov, Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 2721; c) D. Bello, R. Ram n, R. Lavilla, Curr. Org. Chem. 2010, 14, 332; d) M. A. McCarrick, Y. D. Wu, K. N. Houk, J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 3330; e) A. Whiting, C. M. Windsor, Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 6035.
[7] For Povarov reactions catalyzed by Brønsted acids, see selected examples: a) H. Xu, S. J. Zuend, M. G. Woll, Y. Tao, E. N. Jacobson, Science 2010, 327, 986; b) T. Akiyama, H. Morita, K. Fuchibe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13070; c) H. Liu, G. Dagousset, G. Masson, P. Retailleau, J. Zhu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 4598; d) G. Dagousset, J. Zhu, G. Masson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14804; e) H. Ishitani, S. Kobayashi, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7357; f) G. Bergonzini, L. Gramigna, A. Mazzanti, M. Fochi, L. Bernardi, A. Ricci, Chem. Commun.
2010, 46, 327; g) L. He, M. Bekkaye, P. Retailleau, G. Masson, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3158.
[8] a) Y. Xia, Z.-Y. Yang, P. Xia, K. F. Bastow, Y. Tachibana, S.-C. Kuo, E. Hamel, T. Hackl, K.-H. Lee, J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1155; b) R.W. Carling, P. D. Leeson, A. M. Moseley, J. D. Smith, K. Saywell, M. D. Trickelbank, J. A. Kemp, G. R. Marshall, A. C. Foster, S. Grimwood, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 65;
c) D. B. Damon, R. W. Dugger, R.W. Scott, U.S. Patent 6,689,897, 2004; d) D. A. Powell, R. A. Batey, Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2913; e) A. Matsuhisa, K. Kikuchi, K. Sakamoto, T. Yatsu, A. Tanaka, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47, 329; f) M. Y. Christopher, E. A. Christine, D. M. Ashworth, J. Barnett, A. J. Baxter, J. D. Broadbridge, R. J. Franklin, S. L. Hampton, P. Hudson, J. A. Horton, P. D. Jenkins, A. M. Penson, G. R.W. Pitt, P. Rivi re,
P. A. Robson, D. P. Rooker, G. Semple, A. Sheppard, R. M.Haigh, M. B. Roe, J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 8124; g) C. Li, X. Li, R. Hong, Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 4036.
About author( Me)
Dr. Vinayak Pagar
Postdoctoral Research Fellow at The Ohio State University
Vinayak Vishnu Pagar was born in Nasik, Maharashtra (India) in 1983. He obtained his BSc and MSc degrees in chemistry from the University of Pune (India) in 2004 and 2006, respectively. From 2006–2010, he worked as Research Associate in pharmaceutical companies like Jubilant Chemsys Ltd. and Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. (India). In 2010, he joined the group of Professor Rai-Shung Liu to pursue his PhD degree in National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan) and completed it in 2014. Subsequently, he worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the same group for one year. Currently, he is working as a Research Scientist at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA. His research focused on the development of new organic reactions by using transition-metal catalysis such Gold, Silver, Rhodium, Zinc, Cobalt, Nickel and Copper metals which enables mild, diastereoselective, enantioselective and efficient transformations of variety of readily available substrates to wide range of synthetically useful nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocyclic products which are medicinally important. He published his research in a very high impact factor international Journals includes J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,J. Org. Chem., Chem- A. Eur. Journal, Org. Biomol. Chem., and Synform (Literature Coverage).
Katharina J. Hock, Robin Spitzner, Rene M. Koenigs
Applications of diazo acetonitrile in cyclopropa(e)nation reactions are realized in a slow-release protocol with bench-stable reagents. Cyclopropyl nitriles are obtained in one step in good diastereoselectivity on a gram-scale providing an efficient entry into this class of fragrances and drug-like molecules.
aRWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany E-mail:rene.koenigs@rwth-aachen.de
Abstract
Diazo acetonitrile has long been neglected despite its high value in organic synthesis due to a high risk of explosions. Herein, we report our efforts towards the transient and safe generation of this diazo compound, its applications in iron catalyzed cyclopropanation and cyclopropenation reactions and the gram-scale synthesis of cyclopropyl nitriles.